LABOR MEASURES ADOPTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE RDLEY 30 / 2020,29 SEPTEMBER
The persistence of the health crisis derived from Covid 19 has caused enormous regulatory density, with cross-remissions to regulations that have been modified on various occasions, which implies great difficulty when interpreting and, of course, applying the legal norm.
RD Law 30/2020 is the product of the Third Social Agreement in Defense of Employment between social agents and the Government (III ASDE) - the previous two were embodied in RD Law 18/2020 and RD Law 24/2020, respectively, dedicated to regulating certain social measures , fundamentally in relation to the Temporary Employment Regulation Files (ERTE), benefits and aid, establishing new limits or guarantees of employment, the following may be highlighted:
I.- ERTE COVID DUE TO FORCE MAJEURE
(ex art. 22 of RD Law 8/2020, March 17) in the sense expressed in article 1 hereof:
1.- Automatic extension:
ERTEs due to force majeure prior to the entry into force of this rule, in any sector, extend their validity until 01-31-2021. However, companies may gradually incorporate the affected people, to the extent necessary for the resumption and development of the activity, including in terms of reduction of working hours, having to inform the Labor Authority and the SEPE in advance of all this. . Once the ERTE has been fully terminated due to force majeure, within 15 days the company must notify the Labor Authority of its total resignation.
2.- Prohibitions and limitations:
The prohibitions and limitations that affected them in matters such as job maintenance, overtime, hiring and outsourcing, etc., continue to apply. Regarding the maintenance of employment, if contribution exemptions are applied, and another previous commitment was being applied, the calculation of the 6 months will begin from the end of the previous period.
3.- Tax exemptions:
Applicable only for those companies with a high rate of involvement and a low rate of recovery of activity.
to) The ERTEs due to force majeure that had been extended until September 30, 2020, had maintained certain exemptions from Social Security contributions. However, As of 10-01-2020, only companies that:
i. Or your activity is framed in one of the CNAE activities in the attached Annex (according to the CNAE that appears for the purposes of the contribution for accidents at work in the social insurance of September 2020).
ii. Either your business depends, indirectly and for the most part, on companies that are in said CNAE or that are part of the value chain of these companies. It is understood that this assumption is fulfilled if at least 50% of its turnover in 2019 has been to said companies, or if its actual activity indirectly depends on said companies.
In any case, this assumption requires that is verified by the Labor Authority, for which the company affected by the ERTE must submit to the Labor Authority, between October 5 and 19, 2020, a request together with a Report or Explanatory Memory of these circumstances and with the supporting documentation. The Labor Authority must issue a resolution within 5 days, following a report from the Labor Inspection, which must also be issued within 5 days, the resolution of administrative silence being deemed to be an estimate.
b) The exoneration will only be applied by people who restart their activity as of 10-01-2020 or who have restarted it as of May 13, 2020.
c) The exemption will be 85% of the business quota for the months of October 2020 to January 2021, if the company had less than 50 workers on 02-29-2020, or 75%, if it had 50 or more workers in the same date.
II.- ERTE DUE TO IMPEDIMENT OR LIMITATIONS OF ACTIVITY (art. 2): In this section two cases are distinguished:
1.- Companies whose activity is impeded
As a result of new restrictions or sanitary containment measures, adopted as of October 1, 2020 by the Spanish or foreign authorities, they may process in ERTE in accordance with the rules contained in article 47.3 ET, whose duration will be that of the adoption of said restrictive measures, being able to benefit from the following exemption percentages:
- 100% from the moment of closing and until 31.01.2021 in companies with less than 50 workers.
- 90% from the moment of closing and until 31.01.2021 in a company with more than 50 workers.
two.-
Companies and entities of any sector that see
limited the normalized development of its activity
As a result of the decisions taken by the Spanish or foreign authorities, they may process an ERTE in accordance with art. 47.3 ET, and benefit from the following exemption percentages:
- 100%, 90%, 85% and 80%, in the months of October, November and December 2020 and January 2021, respectively, in companies with less than 50 workers
- 90%, 80%, 75% and 70% in companies with more than 50 workers.
The exemptions referred to in this section will be applied by the TGSS always at the request of the company, and the following aspects must be stated:
- Identification of workers
- Identification of the period of suspension or reduction of working hours
- Responsible declaration that must refer to both the existence and the maintenance of the validity of the ERTE and the fulfillment of the established requirements to take place to the exemptions. The responsible declaration shall state the resolution of the labor authority, either expressly or through positive administrative silence. They must be submitted before requesting the calculation of the payment of quotas.
Once these ERTEs are fully completed due to force majeure, within 15 days the company must notify the Labor Authority of its total resignation.
3.- Limitations and prohibitions in ERTE of force majeure due to impediment or limitation:
The following measures will be applied to these new ERTEs:
to) During the validity of these ERTE, overtime hours may not be worked, and the company may not contract directly or indirectly or outsource its activity or part of it. I know except the cases in which, prior communication to the legal representation of the workers, these are positions that require training, training or other objective and justified reason that the workers affected by the ERTE do not have. Violation of these prohibitions will be an offense punishable by the Labor Inspectorate.
b) I know widens Also for this type of ERTE, provided that the company applies Social Security quota exemption, the commitment of the companies of keep employment for 6 months , unless the company is affected by a previous maintenance commitment, in which case the beginning of the 6 months will begin when the previous commitment period has ended.
The commitment is limited to maintaining the employment of the people affected by the ERTE and it will not be considered unfulfilled if the withdrawal occurs due to appropriate disciplinary dismissal, resignation, death, retirement or permanent disability of the worker, or at the end of temporary contracts or end of the call of the fixed-discontinuous contract. This commitment will not be applicable in companies in which there is a risk of necessary bankruptcy.
c) Companies that have their tax domicile in tax havens .
d) Companies with more than 50 workers or similar (as of 02-29-2020) they will not be able to distribute dividends corresponding to the years in which these ERTEs have been applied.
III.- ERTE-COVID DUE TO ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL, ORGANIZATIONAL OR PRODUCTION CAUSES ex article 23 RDL 8/2020 (art. 3)
1.- Extension of the temporary unification:
The ERTEs for ETOP causes initiated after the entry into force of this rule and until January 31, 2021, are subject to the rules contained in art. 23 of RD Law 8/2020, March 17, with the following specialties:
- A current ERTE can be processed due to force majeure. If it is processed later, its effective date will be at the end of it.
- The ERTE in force at the entry into force of this standard will continue to be applicable in the terms of the final communication made by the company and until the term set by it.
- If the company does not have legal representation of the workers, the “ad hoc” negotiating committee will be made up of the most representative unions in the sector with legitimacy to form part of the negotiating committee of the applicable collective agreement, and a default of 3 company workers chosen from the staff. The commission must be formed in 5 days.
- The consultation period with the negotiating committee will last a maximum of 7 days (in the ordinary procedure it is 15 days), and likewise the report of the Labor Inspection must be issued within 7 days.
2.- Possibility of extension of this type of ERTE:
The new possibility of their extension is established if they end after 09-30-2020, the extension must be agreed with the ERTE negotiating commission and communicated to the Labor Authority.
3.- Prohibitions (art. 7):
During the validity of these types of ERTE, overtime may not be worked either, and the company may not contract directly or indirectly or outsource its activity or part of it. The cases are excepted in which, prior communication to the legal representation of the workers, these are positions that require training, training or other objective and justified reason that the workers affected by the ERTE do not have. Violation of these prohibitions will be an offense punishable by the Labor Inspectorate.
4.- Exemption from Social Security contributions
for ERTE-Covid due to economic, productive, technical or organizational reasons: Companies that (i) had processed an ERTE-Covid of this type before 06-27-2020 that remains in force, (ii) that they have to do after From 01-10-2020 an ERTE-Covid of this type after the termination of another due to force majeure, being included in the CNAE of the Annex or being dependents or members of their value chain, will be entitled to the following exemptions:
to) The exoneration will only be applied by people who restart their activity as of 10-01-2020 or who have restarted it as of 05-13-2020.
b) The exemption will be 85% of the business quota for the months of October 2020 to January 2021 if the company had less than 50 workers on 02-29-2020, or 75% if it had 50 or more workers.
5.- Limitations and obligations:
The limits on tax transparency and dividend distribution are maintained, as stated in the previous regulations, and according to the regulations contained in article 4, expanding the employment guarantee clause:
to) It is also extended for this type of ERTE, provided that the company applies an exemption from Social Security contributions, the commitment of companies to keep employment for 6 months , unless the company is affected by a previous maintenance commitment, in which case the beginning of the 6 months will begin when the previous commitment period has ended. The commitment is limited to maintaining the employment of the people affected by the ERTE and it will not be considered unfulfilled if the withdrawal occurs due to appropriate disciplinary dismissal, resignation, death, retirement or permanent disability of the worker, or at the end of temporary contracts or end of the call of the fixed-discontinuous contract. This commitment will not be applicable in companies in which there is a risk of necessary bankruptcy. The company that does not comply with the commitment must reimburse to Social Security the totality of the exempted contributions with the corresponding surcharges and interest for late payment.
b) Neither will companies that have their tax domicile in tax havens .
c) Companies with more than 50 workers or similar (as of 02-29-2020) may not Distribute dividends corresponding to the years in which these ERTEs have been applied.
IV.- EMPLOYMENT SAFEGUARD CLAUSE (art. 5):
The same commitment to maintain employment agreed in the Sixth Additional Provision of RD Law 8/2020, of March 17 and art. 6 of RD Law 24/2020, of June 26.
The
prohibition of dismissals due to force majeure or for economic, productive, organizational or technical reasons
based on the health crisis or the state of alarm and that had remained in force until September 30, 2020, the new rule extends them until January 31, 2021.
The companies that receive exemptions to SS fees in accordance with the provisions of this RD Law, are committed to
new six-month employment safeguard period
and in the terms provided in the Sixth Additional Provision of RD Law 8/2020.
If the company is affected by a commitment to maintain employment in accordance with the previous regulations, the start of the new planned period will occur when it has ended.
V.- EXTENSION OF ARTS 2 and 5 of RD Law 9/2020 (art. 6):
The following prohibitions remain in force until January 31, 2021:
to) Force majeure and economic, technical, organizational and production causes ex articles 22 and 23 of Royal Decree-Law 8/2020, of March 17, cannot be understood as justifications for the termination of the employment contract or dismissal.
b) The suspension of temporary contracts, including training, relief and interim contracts, ex articles 22 and 23 of Royal Decree-Law 8/2020, of March 17, will mean the interruption of the calculation, both of the duration of these contracts, as well as of the reference periods equivalent to the suspended period, in each of these contractual modalities.
VI.- EXTRAORDINARY MEASURES REGARDING UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS (art. 8)
1.- Until January 31, 2021, the
right to unemployment benefit
in ERTE-Covid (whether due to force majeure, impediment or limitation, regrowth or economic, productive, organizational or technical causes), even if the minimum deficiency is not reached.
2.- The deadline of September 30, 2020 regarding the
no consumption of benefit
for unemployment for the future.
However, two new situations are regulated in which they will not consume future benefits:
a) Unemployment collected from 10/01/2020 will not affect the new benefits that start from 10/01/2026 (we do not know if this is a misprint).
b) Unemployment charged by any of these types of ERTE will not affect the new benefits that start before 01-01-2022 due to objective individual dismissals, ERE or dismissal declared inadmissible (the legislator has not provided for disciplinary dismissal, that may be declared appropriate).
3. The
amount of benefit
it will continue to be 70% of the regulatory base (respecting the maximum unemployment limits according to family situation), after the first 6 months of benefit have elapsed (we remember that the general rule is that from the 7th month it went to 50%).
4.- Unemployment benefit
will be calculated
in all ERTE cases for the actual days of inactivity, for which the company will provide the activity calendar for the previous month and the hours worked will be accumulated in full days based on the worker's usual working day.
5.- The
extraordinary benefit for permanent discontinuous workers
They can continue to collect unemployment in cases in which, due to Covid, or during the campaign they are affected by an ERTE or have not been able to start their provision of services due to not getting to start the campaign.
6.- It is allowed
make compatible
unemployment benefit motivated by one of these ERTE with another part-time job (that is not motivated by an ERTE), without reducing the amount of the benefit. It even establishes the possibility that those who have had situations of this type prior to this RDL may request this compensation, at most until June 30, 2021.
VII.- MEASURES IN THE MATTER OF TRAINING:
The workers affected by ERTES will be considered a priority for access to training actions of the Vocational Training System for Employment (for now, not subsidized by the Tripartite Foundation, according to information provided by the SEPE itself, without prejudice to the fact that said criterion may be modified) .
VIII.- MEASURES IN RELATION TO SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS:
Extraordinary benefits for cessation of activity or significant reduction in income are maintained for self-employed workers who are forced to suspend their activities due to resolutions of the competent authority for the containment of Covid. This benefit will be 50% of the minimum contribution base and carries the right not to contribute to Social Security (RETA).
ANNEX CNAE-09 to which the companies belonging to sectors with a high coverage rate due to temporary employment regulation files and a low activity recovery rate belong.
0710 Extraction of iron ores.
2051 Manufacture of explosives.
5813 Publishing of newspapers.
2441 Precious metal production.
7912 Activities of tour operators.
7911 Travel agency activities.
5110 Air passenger transport.
1820 Reproduction of recorded media.
5122 Space transport.
4624 Wholesale of hides and skins.
7735 Rental of means of air transport.
7990 Other reservation services and related activities.
9004 Management of show rooms.
7729 Rental of other personal effects and household items.
9002 Auxiliary activities to the performing arts.
4741 Retail sale of computers, peripheral equipment and software in specialized stores.
3220 Manufacture of musical instruments.
3213 Manufacture of costume jewelery and similar articles.
8230 Organization of conventions and trade fairs.
7722 Rental of video tapes and records.
5510 Hotels and similar accommodation.
3316 Aeronautical and space repair and maintenance.
1811 Graphic arts and related services.
5520 Tourist accommodation and other short stay accommodation.
4939 types of passenger land transport nec
5030 Passenger transport by inland waterways.
1812 Other printing and graphic arts activities.
9001 Performing arts.
5914 Film exhibition activities.
1393 Manufacture of rugs and carpets.
8219 Photocopying, document preparation and other specialized office activities.
9321 Amusement park and theme park activities.
2431 Cold drawn.
5223 Activities related to air transport.
3212 Manufacture of jewelery and similar articles.
5590 Other accommodation.
5010 Maritime passenger transport.
7711 Car and light motor vehicle rental.
4932 Transportation by taxi.
2670 Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment.
9601 Washing and cleaning of textile and leather garments.
9329 Other recreational and entertainment activities.
Nieves Rabassó
Lawyer.- Economist
Head of the Labor Law Department of the Alonso-Cuevillas Law Firm